Tutorial � Snowdon, Philosophy of Mind, Materialism I

Greg Detre

@12.30 on Friday 20 October, 2000

with Ellene???, in Exeter College

 

�is� vs �how this is� � Nagel

e.g. matter �is� energy means nothing until you understand the how + theory of it

 

properties of mental states:

����� intentionality, aboutness

consciousness

folk psychology, intentions/desires/beliefs etc. used to explain behaviour

causal?

private

non-physical

 

behaviourism explains mental states in terms of behaviour alone

Lewis allows only for physical states, i.e. we�ve got a way of capturing mental states (in physical terms) in ignorance of what they actually are

 

What does knowing the �how-is� of an identity really mean?

water-is-H2O interfaces with a theory, it�s predictive

mind-is-a-physical-state does not have the same explanatory power, because it doesn�t have the same richness of generative theory behind it � relatively inadequate explanatory payoff

can you interface the 2 terminologies, e.g. loudness and amplitude of soundwave

does an interface between vocabularies require an intermediary terminology. no, it�s to do with levels + concepts

perhaps it means that it explains everything, i.e. there is no explanatory gap when everything is integrated with the rest of our knowledge

we want to give mental events a causal role in the world

as a (sub-)species of physical causal interaction

alternatively, as non-physical causal interaction somehow

 

Smart � ID theory = the simplest theory (and has been historically neglected), so if you can�t refute it, go for it by default (Ockham�s Razor)

 

ID theory lacks explanatory power for some of the properties of mentality, e.g. phenemonology (but you cannot demonstrate evidence of the existence of such a property)

 

what property of pain is phenomenology?

a conscious state

subjective

a way of feeling � unpleasant (in physicalist terms, �aversive�)

pain is a type

a contingent feeling???

 

Points

even physicalism is dualist � objects + laws � no, matter + energy are one, supposedly

you�re either an epiphenomalist or you look to a new understanding of matter

 

 

next tutorial � Fridays @12

behaviourism + functionalism

 

General topics first

Then specific topics (e.g. private language, perception, action, machines + mentality, content)